Heart Anatomy, Heart Valve and ECG terms 心臟構造、心瓣、心電圖相關名詞

atrium 心房
ventricle 心室
superior vena cava 上腔靜脈、上大靜脈
inferior vena cava 下腔靜脈、下大靜脈

pulmonary artery 肺動脈
pulmonary veins 肺靜脈
aorta 主動脈

最少氧氣：上/下腔靜脈->右心房->右心室->肺動脈
最多氧氣：肺靜脈->左心房->左心室->主動脈

There are 4 main values in the heart, including 2 AV values and 2 SL values.

atrioventricular valve / AV value 房室瓣 (兩個)
1. tricuspid valve 三尖瓣 - between RA & RV
2. bicuspid valve / mitral valve 二尖瓣/僧帽瓣 - between LA & LV

semilunar value / SL value 半月瓣 (兩個)
1. pulmonary valve 肺動脈瓣 - between RV & pulmonary artery

2. aortic valve 主動脈瓣 - between LV & aorta

coronary arteries 冠狀動脈

cardiology 心臟學
cardiovascular 心血管
cardiomegaly/cardiomegalia/heart hypertrophy 心臟肥大

contraction 收縮
relaxation 舒張

cardiac arrhythmia 心律不整
tachycardia 心跳過速/心搏快速
bradycardia 心跳過緩/心搏徐緩

sinoatrial node (SA node) 竇房結
atrioventricular node (AV node) 房室結

cardiac output 心摶出量/心輸出量

pacemaker 心律調節器
- asynchronous => constant stimulation
- synchronous => stimulation when required

electrocardiography (ECG) 心電圖
lead 導程
limb leads 肢導程
precordial leads 心前導程
augmented lead 擴增/增強導程 aVL, aVR, aVF

cardiac vector 心電向量
dipole moment vector 偶極矩向量

ECG waves: PQRSTU